Recent Progress in High-Entropy Alloys: An Overview of Preparation Processes, Properties, and Applications

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have rapidly evolved from a seminal concept in 2004 to a mainstream materials science frontier, witnessing exponential growth since 2010. To date, the preparation and research methods for HEAs have undergone substantial diversification, the systems have been optimized, and their application scope has widely broadened. Herein, we provide a systematic review of various synthesis methodologies, including mechanical alloying, vacuum smelting, magnetron sputtering, and additive manufacturing. This paper meticulously summarizes a series of findings on the crucial properties of HEAs, such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, as well as functional properties, including irradiation resistance, hydrogen storage capacity, and biocompatibility. In addition, this review explores the promising applications of HEAs in fields such as aerospace and ocean engineering. Modeling techniques applicable to HEAs, namely ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and CALPHAD modeling, are introduced and discussed. Finally, despite significant successes, the current shortcomings of HEAs, as well as future opportunities and challenges, are outlined. In summary, this review aims to offer both theoretical references and practical guidelines for the rapid evolution of HEAs.