Artificial intelligence for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification using transrectal ultrasound: a narrative review

TRUS-based AI demonstrates high accuracy for PCa detection and CSPCa identification, particularly with 3D architectures or multiparametric fusion. However, the inability to predict the full five-tier ISUP GG stratification represents a major unmet need. Future research should prioritize standardized multicenter data collection and advanced algorithms to address localization challenges and enable precise risk stratification, thereby facilitating clinical translation.