Combining Mendelian randomization and experimental approaches for the identification of miRNAs related to major depressive disorder

Combining genetic and experimental approaches, this study provides evidence supporting a potential causal role for specific circulating miRNAs in MDD. While the MR findings were limited by single-SNP instruments, precluding formal pleiotropy assessment, the experimental validation of miR-130a-3p and miR-132-3p strengthens the evidence. Further research with multi-SNP instruments and larger cohorts are needed to confirm causality and explore clinical relevance.