Ternary deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction of rhodamine B from environmental matrices before UV–Vis analysis

The illegal use of synthetic dyes like Rhodamine B in food industry caused significant health issues in human life. These dyes also affect the environment badly so highlight the need for sensitive, précised, rapid, eco-friendly, and cost-effective methods to extract the dye from the environment. In current study, a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent system-based ultrasonic assistant liquid–liquid microextraction (TDES-UALLME) was developed for the extraction and determination of RhB in powder drinks, jellies, gums, and water samples. Five novel ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDES) systems were formulated and evaluated for the rhodamine B (RhB) dye, among all of them, TDES A (lactic acid; thymol: decanoic acid) shows quantitative extraction recovery. TDES A was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Spectroscopy) (HNMR) and confirmed the successful formulation of TDES. This TDES A served as efficient solvent for the high preconcentration and extraction of RhB from diverse real samples utilising ultrasonic assistant liquid–liquid microextraction (UALLME) followed by the UV-visible spectroscopy. The prime parameters for quantitative extraction of RhB like pH, volume of TDES, molar ratio TDES, sonication time and temperature, time of centrifugation, sample volume, solvent type, and volume were optimised by utilising one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach. Under optimised environment, the method possesses high preconcentration factor (PF) of 40.0 and LOD value of 1.2 µg/mL. The enhancement factors were calculated as 39.1. Overall, the proposed TDES-UALLME is cost-effective, ecofriendly, rapid extraction and a sustainable approach in analytical chemistry.