The role of renewable energy and green hydrogen in the global energy transformations

This study examines role of renewable energy and green hydrogen within rapid electricity expansion, providing system level assessment from resources through infrastructure and markets. The work first assembles latest global evidence on solar, wind, and other renewable deployment, cost reductions, and variability, then traces those dynamics into feasible hydrogen production corridors across regions. A transparent analytical framework integrates learning curves for electrolysers, a bottom up levelised cost of hydrogen model, life cycle greenhouse gas accounting, and simple finance metrics, allowing consistent comparison of co located, grid connected, and export-oriented projects. Using this framework, maps the conditions under which renewable hydrogen can outcompete fossil-based supply in domestic industry, heavy transport, and ammonia trade, while avoiding burden shifting in land, water, and power systems. The outcomes interpret current policy packages and announced projects as early signals of durable investment pathways, distilling practical milestones for technology cost, performance, and enabling infrastructure. • Assembles global data on renewable growth and emerging green hydrogen projects. • Couples learning curves and finance for green hydrogen cost paths. • Scenarios show when renewable hydrogen undercuts fossil routes in key heavy sectors. • Life cycle assessment tracks emission cuts from renewable hydrogen pathways.