Second-order ghost-cell immersed boundary method for inviscid aero-icing simulations on 2D and 3D geometries

• Introduced the Adaptive Ghost-Cell-Surrounding (AGCS) method for simulating compressible, inviscid flows using a second-order finite volume solver. • The AGCS method improves accuracy compared to conventional ghost-cell methods, particularly on coarse meshes, through a curvature-based ghost cell placement criterion. • Verified second-order spatial accuracy in 2D cylindrical and 3D spherical geometries. • Validated the robustness and precision of AGCS in simulations of 2D and 3D wings with ice accretion. Inviscid flow simulations are crucial in various aerospace and engineering applications, particularly when computational cost is a primary concern. However, even for such flows, mesh generation and adaptation may become challenging, especially in three-dimensional cases. This motivates the development of methods capable of mitigating or bypassing mesh-related constraints. In this context, the Adaptive Ghost-Cell-Surrounding (AGCS) method is introduced for simulating compressible, inviscid flows using a second-order finite volume solver. The method is grounded in the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) framework, specifically using the ghost-cell method to impose boundary conditions on non-conforming meshes. AGCS employs a local curvature-based criterion to determine ghost cell placement, significantly enhancing accuracy, notably on coarse grids. Verification tests demonstrate that the method achieves second-order spatial accuracy in numerical simulations of canonical 2D and 3D bodies. Although the approach is general and suitable for a broad range of inviscid flow simulations, this work focuses on its application to aero-icing flows. The method has been applied to 2D and 3D wings with ice accretion shapes, further demonstrating its robustness and precision. The results highlight the advantages of the proposed approach, including improved solution convergence and reduced entropy generation compared to conventional ghost-cell methods.