Long-term conditional relative survival trends in extrahepatic bile duct cancer: insights from a population-based retrospective cohort study in a high-incidence Asian Country, 1999–2021

The long-term survival rate among patients with EHBD cancer did not plateau, even among 5-year survivors with localized-stage disease, as it continued to decline over time. These findings suggest that continued surveillance and individualized assessments are warranted for patients with EHBD cancer throughout long-term follow-up.