Treatment with Neuronal-Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Functional Recovery of Acute Spinal Cord Injury through Attenuating Astrogliosis and Neurotoxic Astrocyte Activation

NI-hADSC transplantation improved functional recovery in SCI by modulating astrogliosis. The modulation of astrogliosis was likely to be achieved through selective suppression of detrimental A1 astrocytes, potentially via STAT3 signaling. However, the protective effect of NI-hADSCs on astrogliosis diminished during the subacute SCI period and was spatially restricted to the perilesional area.