Social Exclusion & Mental Health Status Among the Elderly in Banda District, Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Aging is accompanied by a decline in physical and mental functions, increasing vulnerability to illness and social isolation. In India, mental health issues among the elderly, including depression and anxiety, remain under-recognized, compounded by weakening family systems and social exclusion. This study addresses the dual burden of mental health problems and diminished social participation among older adults in Banda district, Uttar Pradesh. Aim & Objective: To assess the mental health status and social exclusion among the elderly, specifically evaluating the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and social exclusion. Methodology: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months (Feb 2023–July 2024) among 400 elderly individuals (200 urban, 200 rural) aged 60 years and above, selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured proforma, Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and a social exclusion questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 26.0, with significance at p<0.05. Results: Among the study participants, majority (54.50%) were aged between 60 and 69 years, The prevalence of depression was 66.50%, with 77.82% of those affected experiencing mild depression. Anxiety was prevalent among 89.25% of participants, of whom 58.26% exhibited moderate anxiety levels. Both depressive and anxiety disorders were observed to be more common among male participants. In social participation, 87.25% reported having voted in the recent election, while only 43% had attended community meetings. Social exclusion and perceived discrimination in service provision were notably higher in rural areas. Conclusion: This study highlights a high burden of depression, anxiety, and social exclusion among the elderly in Banda district, underscoring the urgent need for community-based mental health programs and social support interventions tailored for older adults.