Understanding Risk Factors for Crypto-Enabled and Crypto-Dependent Cybercrime Victimization

Cryptocurrency has transformed financial transactions and online interactions, but it has also created new avenues for cybercrime. This study examines factors influencing susceptibility to crypto-enabled (ransomware, DDoS) and crypto-dependent (crypto-fraud, crypto-cyberattack) crimes using a nationally representative U.S. sample of 406 adults, guided by routine activities theory. In particular, the study investigates the major risk factors associated with different types of cybercrime victimization and examines whether these factors vary across crime types. Results show that password change frequency was the only consistent capable guardianship factor, predicting increased victimization risk across all crimes. Online gaming was a consistent motivated offender factor, linked to higher risk of ransomware, DDoS, and crypto-fraud. Frequent social media use lowered ransomware risk. Prior IT work experience, privacy scores, technology comfort scores, online banking, and online shopping were significant suitable target indicators. Findings highlight the need to improve digital literacy and promote proactive security behaviors to reduce cybercrime vulnerability.