First record of Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) infesting cattle in Northeastern Algeria

Haematobia irritans (L.) is a haematophagous ectoparasite considered one of the most economically damaging pests of cattle, as it causes a decrease in milk production, growth retardation in calves due to reduced weaning weight, and weight loss in adult cattle. These flies can also transmit pathogenic agents. This study reports the first record of H. irritans in northeastern Algeria, in the wilayas of Mila and Guelma, during the active season of the insect from May to September in 2021 and 2022. A total of 181 cattle of various breeds, sexes, and ages were examined, and 1040 adult H. irritans specimens were collected. Among the examined cattle, 64 were found to be infested and were selected for detailed analysis. Adult flies were collected using sweep nets and tubes, pinned, and stored in collection boxes. Detailed data on cattle age, breed, and sex were recorded. Morphological identification was performed under a stereomicroscope confirming all specimens as H. irritans. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences in infestation according to age, sex, or breed of the cattle. The geographical distribution showed that 60% of the specimens originated from Guelma and 40% from Mila, indicating higher infestation pressure in Guelma. These results provide the first confirmed evidence of H. irritans in this region, highlight the potential impact on cattle health, and emphasize the need for further studies and the development of targeted control strategies.