The Revenues from Taxation of Household Capital in EU Member States. Evolutions and Effects at the Macroeconomic Level

In this paper, we consider the analysis of tax revenues from household capital at the level of EU states, in the period 2015-2023, respectively, those regarding property taxation, capital gains from the population/ individuals, as well as the effects of tax benefits granted by the authorities regarding households on distribution/inequality. In this regard, we carry out a case study, through regression, for a panel data set for EU countries, through which we want to demonstrate that the fiscal pressure on households impacts the population's gross investment and saving rate, tax revenues, as well as inequality; the main statistical data come from the Eurostat and OECD-Global Revenue Statistics - Comparative tax revenues databases, expressed as a share of GDP, for the period 2015-2023. The analysis shows that income tax systems reduce inequality, but excessively high tax burdens can harm saving and increase social polarisation. This highlights the importance of balancing tax efficiency with distributive fairness within the European Union.