Leaf-vein-mimetic fins enhance Fischer-Tropsch long-chain selectivity based on particle-resolved analysis

• A leaf-vein-mimic internal is proposed to enhance Fischer-Tropsch reactions. • A particle-resolved model of reaction kinetics, heat/mass transfer is developed. • Hot spots are suppressed with the maximum temperature rise reduced by over 60% • The C 5+ yield is enhanced by about 7% due to improved temperature uniformity. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) plays a pivotal role in the sustainable production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from syngas derived from biomass or catalytic CO 2 reduction. Fixed-bed reactors, although being widely used in FTS, often suffer from the presence of hot spots that accelerate catalyst deactivation and reduce selectivity towards high-value long-chain liquid fuels. Inspired by the hierarchical distribution network structure of leaf veins, this work introduces novel leaf-vein-mimetic (LVM) fins to enhance FTS long-chain selectivity. A particle-resolved FTS computation model integrating particle reaction kinetics, heat/mass transfer processes, and explicit particle-fin physical interactions is developed. Optimized configurations show a reduction of over 60% in the maximum temperature rise (at δ 0 = 0.5) and an increase of nearly 7% in C 5+ yield. The underlying mechanism is attributed to significantly improved radial temperature uniformity and the suppression of hot spots enabled by the superior heat dissipation capability of LVM fins. This work offers novel routes for producing high-value long-chain liquid hydrocarbon fuels from syngas via fixed-bed reactors.