Anthropometric, sociodemographic and metabolic factors associated with clinically expressed insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes

<h2>Abstract</h2> Clinically expressed insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients usually leads to poor hyperglycaemia control and progression of complications. <h3>Aims</h3> to evaluate how selected sociodemographic, metabolic and anthropometric factors are linked to expressed IR among T2D patients and assess the clinical tools for IR evaluation. <h3>Methods</h3> A sample of 100 T2D patients aged 18 - 80 years old was divided based on their daily insulin requirement into case (>1IU/kg/d) and control (<1IU/kg/d) groups. The data was obtained by interviewing patients using original questionnaires, analysing their medical history, performing clinical examination and blood tests. <h3>Results</h3> The case group subjects were younger (p<0.001) and the duration of their diabetes was shorter (p<0.001). The patients with expressed IR more often had metabolic syndrome (p=0.005) and dyslipidaemia (86.2% vs. 67.8%, p=0.018), particularly hypertriglyceridemia. All patients with expressed insulin resistance (IR) exhibited elevated levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT > 454 g), and the prevalence of visceral obesity was significantly higher in this group compared to the control group (100% vs. 72.7%, p=0.032). High insulin requirement strongly correlated with HOMA-IR and eGDR in patients with T2D and could be used in determining IR. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with T2D and expressed IR were younger and the duration of diabetes was shorter. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia—specifically hypertriglyceridemia—was higher among individuals with expressed IR. Although the percentage of total body fat was comparable between groups, the amount of visceral adipose tissue was significantly greater in patients with expressed IR.