Laparoscopic and robotic extravascular stenting of the left renal vein for anterior nutcracker syndrome in a single-center series

Laparoscopic or robot-assisted EVS is a safe, feasible, and effective option for NCS. We a propose postoperative AM PSV of ≤72 cm/s as a unified, reproducible primary quantitative end point, with an AM/hilum ratio of ≈2.0 as a secondary, replicability-oriented metric. Integrating these targets with a standardized five-in-a-row checklist establishes a process-outcome loop that enhances procedural reproducibility and supports sustained symptom relief over the available follow-up.