A One Health Perspective on the Plasmid Backbone Preference and Evolutionary Adaptation of tmexCD-toprJ in Klebsiella spp

These findings demonstrate that <i>tmexCD-toprJ</i> has evolved as a highly mobile resistance determinant within <i>Klebsiella spp</i>. disseminating across the human-animal-environment interface via hybrid plasmids and horizontal gene transfer. This underscores the urgent need for integrated One Health surveillance and containment strategies to mitigate plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance and its global public health impact.