A high-gain Y-shaped patch array with an 8-port MIMO configuration for pattern diversity in mm-wave applications

The increasing demand for high-speed communication has driven the development of antennas with improved performance characteristics for millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) 5G applications. A mm-wave 8-port Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna aiming for 360° pattern diversity and high gain for 28 GHz applications has been presented in this paper. The antenna is made up of fully covered ground plane on Rogers RT-droid 5880 substrate (dielectric constant of 2.2 and electric tangent 0.0009) having eight port MIMO array system. The unit element offers a gain of 7.37 dBi which is improved to 12 dBi by converting into an unconventional three element array. The array offers an operational bandwidth of 27.6-28.4 GHz, covering almost 800 MHz, which provides sufficient spectrum for high-frequency applications such as 5G communication, radar systems, and millimeter-wave technologies. Despite the observed trade-off among reduced bandwidth and enhanced gain, the proposed design offers a viable solution for applications such as point-to-point communication, backhaul links, and other 5G mm-wave infrastructure. The array is further extended to eight port MIMO configurations that enhance data throughput and spectral efficiency while improving spatial diversity and 360° beam steering which consequently improves the overall efficiency of the modern-day wireless systems.