Neural mechanisms of tDCS: Insights from an in-vivo rodent model across a range of electric field strengths

These findings demonstrate that electric field-dependent modulation of cortical activity can be detected in vivo across a wide range of stimulation intensities, including weak fields comparable to those induced by human tDCS, although effects are substantially larger at higher field strengths. This work provides direct in-vivo evidence linking cortical polarization to changes in neuronal spiking and helps constrain mechanistic interpretations of tDCS effects observed in humans.