An Analysis of Key Influencing Factors for Prefabricated Building Hoisting Safety Based on the Fuzzy–Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory and Analytic Network Process: Integrating Influence Mechanisms and Systemic Importance

Construction safety has garnered extensive attention, among which the hoisting construction safety of prefabricated buildings constitutes a distinct concern warranting further focus, as it fundamentally differs from traditional cast-in situ construction. However, relevant studies remain relatively scarce, and there is a lack of research frameworks that enable the multi-dimensional comprehensive assessment of the significance of influencing factors. This study aims to comprehensively account for both the mechanisms of influence and the inherent importance of factors, thereby determining the significance of the influencing factors for hoisting construction safety in prefabricated buildings. Fifteen influencing factors were identified, and the fuzzy-DEMATEL and ANP methods were adopted, respectively to investigate the inter-factor mechanisms of influence and the systemic importance of these factors. This study finds that: at the level of the influence mechanism, factors such as workers’ behavior and construction process control play a core hub role in the system; management factors and external environments are the primary factors affecting workers’ behavior, and workers’ behavior tends to influence physical factors and construction site coordination; at the level of system importance, factor weights show a stepped distribution, among which management personnel competence is the most important factor; factors such as policies and regulations, as well as safety assurance plans, are also relatively significant. A comprehensive analysis of the two calculation results reveals that construction process control is the most critical factor, followed by workers’ behavior, the competence of management personnel, and construction operation coordination. Drawing on the functions of these factors, a series of recommendations was put forward, covering the aspects of safety resource allocation, safety training, and safety supervision. The present study facilitates a more comprehensive evaluation of the importance levels of each influencing factor and delivers practically accessible guidance for safety management in the hoisting operation of prefabricated buildings.