Portable Fixed Frame Dynamometry Shows Poor Agreement with Isokinetic Dynamometry During Isometric Knee Extension and Flexion Strength Tests

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the level of agreement between the KangaTech (KT360) portable fixed-frame dynamometer and the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer (IKD) in assessing maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee flexor and extensor muscles. Specifically, the research investigated whether the KT360 provides comparable measurements to the IKD when quantifying isometric knee muscle strength. Methods Twenty-three physically active participants (16 males, 7 females; age: 27 ± 7 years) completed MVIC testing of the knee flexors and extensors using both KT360 and IKD. Testing order was randomised, and standardised protocols were followed. Peak force (KT360) and peak joint moment (IKD, converted to force) were recorded. Agreement was assessed using paired t -tests, intraclass correlation coefficients ( ICC 3,1 ), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC), and Bland–Altman analysis. Results KT360 recorded 24% lower peak force for extensors and 17%–21% higher for flexors compared to IKD ( P < 0.001). ICC values ranged from poor to excellent (− 0.093 to 0.964). Bland–Altman analysis revealed systematic bias: KT360 underestimated extensor strength (~ 27%) and overestimated flexor strength (~ 17%–19%), with wide limits of agreement and significant heteroscedasticity. Conclusion KT360 and IKD are not interchangeable for assessing isometric knee strength. While KT360 offers portability and accessibility, its results should be interpreted with caution, especially in contexts requiring precise strength quantification such as injury risk assessment and rehabilitation.

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Journal
Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise
Published
2026-02-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-025-00357-5
Primary Topic
Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Type
article
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article

Portable Fixed Frame Dynamometry Shows Poor Agreement with Isokinetic Dynamometry During Isometric Knee Extension and Flexion Strength Tests

Gareth Andrew Nicholson, Josh Walker, Adam Jones, Chris Brogden et al.
Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise
Muscle activation and electromyography studies
article

Portable Fixed Frame Dynamometry Shows Poor Agreement with Isokinetic Dynamometry During Isometric Knee Extension and Flexion Strength Tests

Gareth Andrew Nicholson, Josh Walker, Adam Jones, Chris Brogden, Joshua Martin
article en

Abstract

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the level of agreement between the KangaTech (KT360) portable fixed-frame dynamometer and the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer (IKD) in assessing maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee flexor and extensor muscles. Specifically, the research investigated whether the KT360 provides comparable measurements to the IKD when quantifying isometric knee muscle strength. Methods Twenty-three physically active participants (16 males, 7 females; age: 27 ± 7 years) completed MVIC testing of the knee flexors and extensors using both KT360 and IKD. Testing order was randomised, and standardised protocols were followed. Peak force (KT360) and peak joint moment (IKD, converted to force) were recorded. Agreement was assessed using paired t -tests, intraclass correlation coefficients ( ICC 3,1 ), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC), and Bland–Altman analysis. Results KT360 recorded 24% lower peak force for extensors and 17%–21% higher for flexors compared to IKD ( P < 0.001). ICC values ranged from poor to excellent (− 0.093 to 0.964). Bland–Altman analysis revealed systematic bias: KT360 underestimated extensor strength (~ 27%) and overestimated flexor strength (~ 17%–19%), with wide limits of agreement and significant heteroscedasticity. Conclusion KT360 and IKD are not interchangeable for assessing isometric knee strength. While KT360 offers portability and accessibility, its results should be interpreted with caution, especially in contexts requiring precise strength quantification such as injury risk assessment and rehabilitation.

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise
NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (GB), Leeds Beckett University (GB)
No poverty
Openalex Percentile: Top 59%
Muscle activation and electromyography studies
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