Phytomedicine 4.0: Incorporating Omics Technology, Nanotechnology and Sustainable Chemistry to create next-generation plant-derived therapeutics

The discipline of phytomedicine is entering a transformative period—what we might term "Phytomedicine 4.0"—where high throughput omics technologies, nano-enabled delivery systems, and frameworks for green and sustainable chemistry converge together to change the ways in which plant-derived therapeutics are discovered, developed and translated into practice. In this commentary, we outline the current state of the art, highlight major translational and regulatory challenges and propose a research agenda that will further advance the discipline through the mid-2020s and beyond.