Analysis of carbon footprint in fish cold storage using IoT-based inventory monitoring

Fish cold storage is a critical component for preserving product quality, yet it represents a major source of energy consumption and carbon emissions within the global fisheries supply chain. This study establishes a comprehensive four-year baseline of environmental impact by analyzing historical electricity data from 2020 to 2023 at a cold storage facility in Jakarta. This analysis revealed a cumulative carbon footprint of 396.42 tons of CO₂, providing the necessary justification for technical interventions. To address the documented inaccuracies in traditional stock recording that hinder precise emission modeling, a low-cost IoT-based instrument was developed using an ESP8266 microcontroller and a keypad–LCD interface. Field deployment conducted from July to September 2024 validated the system's operational reliability, achieving a high recording accuracy of 99.3% and a stable cloud-based data transmission success rate of 97.8%. By integrating these historical energy patterns with real-time digital inventory monitoring, this research offers a practical and scalable foundation for enhancing data transparency and energy efficiency. Such innovations are essential for supporting sustainable management and driving the digital transformation of the fisheries sector within the broader Blue Economy *framework.