Impact of baseline brain metastases on survival and CNS progression in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ICIs appear effective regardless of BM status; however, pooled RWs suggest modestly better survival outcomes in patients without baseline BMs. Additionally, these patients may be at a lower risk for IP. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and guide future BM prevention strategies.