Implementation of the benefits of symbiotic bacteria in Demospongiae sponges in Indonesian waters using the literature study method

A Demospongiae sponge is an organism that can interact with symbiotic bacteria. Symbiotic bacteria form a specific mutualistic symbiosis that creates a stable and beneficial association with their hosts. This review examines the diversity and benefits of Demospongia symbiotic bacteria in Indonesia. There were 18 types of symbiotic bacteria associated with the Demospongiae sponge spread from est to East Indonesia. The morphology of the symbiont bacteria in the Demospongiae was mainly circular. Based on the bacterial composition, the genus Bacillus is the most commonly found symbiont in Demospongia. Approximately 61% of the symbiotic bacteria in the Demospongiae sponge showed antimicrobial activity, mainly against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, this study found several anticancer, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities of Demospongiae symbiotic bacteria. This study can be used further to explore the benefits of symbiotic bacteria in Demospongiae.