A generative artificial intelligence framework for automated data quality rule generation in power grid systems

In the era of industrial digitalization, high-quality data is critical for optimizing operations and decision-making, yet inconsistent, fragmented datasets from heterogeneous sources often undermine its utility. Traditional data governance approaches, reliant on manual rule creation and rigid workflows, struggle to address scalability and adaptability challenges in dynamic environments like power grid systems. This study proposes a new framework leveraging generative AI to automate SQL rule generation for anomaly detection, integrating domain-specific constraints and reinforcement learning to iteratively refine rules. By training Qwen2 on preprocessed grid data, the methodology transforms raw sensor logs and metadata into standardized, actionable rules, while embedding compliance checks to align with industry standards. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms mainstream techniques (e.g., LSTM, GRU, CNN) by 2.3–3.6% in accuracy and F1-score, achieving 88.5% precision in detecting voltage anomalies. Ablation studies are conducted to highlight the importance of incorporating physical features in the model performance.