Efficacy and safety of cryoballoon ablation combined with vein of Marshall ethanol infusion for persistent atrial fibrillation: a comparative cohort study

CBA combined with VOM-EI is a feasible, effective, and safe strategy for treating persistent AF, with approximately 80% of patients remaining free from atrial arrhythmia recurrence at 1-year follow-up and a low incidence of complications. In addition, elevated LAD and longer AF duration were considered risk factors for atrial arrhythmia recurrence. These findings necessitate large-scale randomized controlled studies for further validation.