Effectiveness of electromyography biofeedback training on scapular kinematics and muscle activation in patients with scapular dyskinesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In the short-term, adding EMG biofeedback training to scapular-focused exercises resulted in significant differences only in lower trapezius activity. Conversely, the results were inconclusive regarding improvements in scapular kinematics and changes in the activation of other scapular muscles. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to high according to GRADE rating, suggesting that the effect of EMG biofeedback might not be captured in this study. Level of evidence: I.