Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual/triple receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: advances in mechanistic research

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has emerged as a prevalent and severe global hepatic disorder, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), along with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (GCG) dual or triple receptor agonists that modulate multiple metabolic pathways, have attracted significant scientific interest due to their multifaceted roles in metabolic regulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanistic insights into the effects of GLP-1RAs and dual or triple receptor agonists on the pathophysiology of MASLD, with a focus on hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and fibrosis progression.