Lithium effects in the frontolimbic circuitry: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder

Findings support the hypothesis that lithium's therapeutic effects may be mediated by modification of the frontolimbic circuitry, while underscoring the need for preregistration, rigorous confounding control, standardized imaging pipelines, and longer follow up to capture duration-dependent effects. Ultra-high field lithium MR imaging and imaging transcriptomics may enable the development of connectomic biomarkers predictive of clinical response.