Development and validation of explainable machine learning models for the prediction of survival in patients with M1 breast cancer

We developed and externally validated ML models that accurately predict survival in patients with M1 breast cancer. Breast subtype, metastatic site, and surgery status were the most important factors for survival prediction in this population. Patients with non-triple-negative breast cancer and metastasis to the bone may benefit from surgery, while those with metastasis to the brain, lung, or liver may not.