Clinical spectrum, outcomes, and risk factors of West Nile virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

West Nile virus infection is a multisystemic disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in neuroinvasive cases. Improved recognition of symptom patterns may facilitate earlier diagnosis. Expanding access to confirmatory diagnostic and strengthening surveillance, especially in at-risk regions, is essential to reduce misclassification bias among clinically recognised WNV cases and improve public health preparedness.