An Examination of the Performance Relationship Between Athletics Throwing Events and Anthropometric Characteristics Based on Branch-Specific Determinant Structural Factors

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and performance in throwing events (shot put, discus, javelin, and hammer throw) and to identify the specific structural factors determining performance in each event. Anthropometry includes measurements such as height, body mass, lean body mass, body fat percentage, limb lengths, and segment ratios, and is widely used in sports science for talent selection, performance prediction, and training planning. Literature findings show that the impact of anthropometric characteristics on performance is more pronounced in throwing events compared to many other sports. In shot put and discus throw, high body mass, upper extremity muscle mass, and shoulder width are prominent, while in javelin throw, arm length, trunk ratios, and velocity transfer are the determining factors. In hammer throw, lower extremity strength, balance, rotational velocity, and trunk circumference directly affect performance. Furthermore, increasing lean body mass and maintaining optimal body fat percentage have a positive effect on throwing speed and throwing distance. While anthropometric differences exist between genders, high technical efficiency can balance relative performance levels. Consequently, considering branch-specific anthropometric profiles, creating individualized training plans, and systematically using this data in long-term athlete development processes are crucial for maximizing performance in throwing events in athletics.