QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOSIDES AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SALIVA OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Background: Several attempts made to establish methods of diagnosis for different diseases by the compositional analysis of saliva, which investigated as a supplementary to serum for diagnostic and epidemiological testing of different diseases. Most molecules found in blood and urine are found in saliva, but their concentrations are estimated to be one tenth to one thousandth that of blood. Materials and Methods: Determination of Nucleosides [(Pseudouridine ( Ψ ), Cytidine (C), 3methylcytidine (m3C), 1-methyladenosine (m1A), 2-thiocytidine (m5C), 5-methylquanosine (m7G), Inosine (I), Rhibothymidine (T), 1-methyllinosine (mII), 1-methylquanosine (m2/2G)] by using HPLC. Measured some essential trace elements (copper, zinc, Iron, chromium, manganese, magnesium, cobalt and selenium) levels by using Atomic Absorption. Both measurements have done in 50 breast cancer (BRCA) female patients and compared with 50 healthy women as controls. Saliva samples from two groups (control and patients) were prepared and quantitative determination of Nucleosides and Trace Elements. Nucleosides were determined by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while the trace elements, copper, zinc, Iron, chromium, manganese, magnesium, cobalt and selenium determined by Flame and Flameless Absorption Atomic Spectrophotometer. Results: It is found that nucleosides (especially, Pseudouridine, 1-Methyl Inosine, 1-MethylGuanosine, N-N-Dimethyl- Guanosine), a significantly increased (p< 0.05) in patients compared with normal subjects. Copper concentration was higher in breast cancer patients, while iron, zinc, magnesium, manganese, selenium, chromium, and cobalt levels have shown a remarkable decrease in those patients when compared to the control group, and the metal-to-metal ratio measured in this work is very indicative in studied. Saliva Cu / Zn ratio was significantly increased compared to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: from this study, the suggestion is a saliva pseudouridine and some trace elements might be a useful as specific markers for breast cancer disease. This method can used for monitoring patients with malignant disease and for monitoring clinical response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or both.