DETERMINANTS OF MEDICATION ERROR UNDERREPORTING AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS AT THE NIGERIAN AIR FORCE HOSPITAL, IKEJA, LAGOS

Medication errors are a significant challenge in healthcare, with the potential to cause serious harm or fatalities if uncorrected. An error is defined as the failure of a planned action to be executed as intended or the use of an incorrect plan to achieve a desired outcome. In the medical profession, the complex interactions among healthcare providers—including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and laboratory scientists—can predispose patients to medication errors. Despite the critical importance of reporting such errors, underreporting remains common, limiting opportunities for system improvements and patient safety enhancement. This study examines the factors associated with medication error underreporting among healthcare professionals at the Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Ikeja, and Lagos. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from healthcare staff to identify behavioral, organizational, and systemic factors influencing error reporting practices. Findings highlight that fear of blame, lack of knowledge on reporting procedures, and perceived administrative inefficiencies are major contributors to underreporting. Addressing these barriers through targeted training, supportive reporting policies, and a non-punitive organizational culture is essential to improve patient safety and enhance the quality of care. The study underscores the need for continued education, awareness campaigns, and structured reporting systems to reduce medication errors and encourage transparent communication among healthcare professionals.