Performance of adult-trained artificial intelligence models in paediatric imaging—a scoping review

Question How do artificial intelligence-based radiology tools designed for adults perform when applied to paediatric imaging without additional adaptation? Findings Adult-trained AI models consistently demonstrated reduced performance in children, particularly in those under 2 years, with detection tasks showing the most severe deterioration. Clinical relevance Healthcare professionals should not assume that adult-trained radiology AI tools intended for adult use can be directly applied to the paediatric population without validation, additional training or fine-tuning, particularly for the youngest age groups.