Sparsity of postcritically finite maps of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and beyond: A complex analytic approach

An endomorphism <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is said to be postcritically finite (or PCF) if its critical set <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Crit</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is preperiodic, i.e. if there are integers <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> such that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Crit</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Crit</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . When <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , it was conjectured in [61] that, in the space <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">End</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> of all endomorphisms of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:math> of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , such endomorphisms are not Zariski dense. We prove this conjecture. Further, in the space <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Poly</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> of all regular polynomial endomorphisms of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the affine plane <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>𝔸</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , we construct a dense and Zariski open subset where we have a uniform bound on the number of preperiodic points lying in the critical set. The key object in the article are the complex bifurcation measure and its properties. The proofs are a combination of the theory of heights in arithmetic dynamics and methods from real dynamics to produce open subsets with maximal bifurcation.

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Publications mathématiques de l IHÉS
Published
2026-01-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5802/pmihes.1
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Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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article
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article

Sparsity of postcritically finite maps of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and beyond: A complex analytic approach

Johan Taflin, Thomas Gauthier, Vigny Gabriel
Publications mathématiques de l IHÉS
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
article

Sparsity of postcritically finite maps of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and beyond: A complex analytic approach

Johan Taflin, Thomas Gauthier, Vigny Gabriel
article en

Abstract

An endomorphism <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is said to be postcritically finite (or PCF) if its critical set <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Crit</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is preperiodic, i.e. if there are integers <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> such that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Crit</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Crit</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . When <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , it was conjectured in [61] that, in the space <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">End</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> of all endomorphisms of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:math> of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , such endomorphisms are not Zariski dense. We prove this conjecture. Further, in the space <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Poly</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> of all regular polynomial endomorphisms of degree <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the affine plane <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>𝔸</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> , we construct a dense and Zariski open subset where we have a uniform bound on the number of preperiodic points lying in the critical set. The key object in the article are the complex bifurcation measure and its properties. The proofs are a combination of the theory of heights in arithmetic dynamics and methods from real dynamics to produce open subsets with maximal bifurcation.

Publications mathématiques de l IHÉS
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (FR), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne (FR), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 54%
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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