Design of Single‐Band Inset‐Fed Patch Antenna 2 × 2 Array Structure With Triangular Dumbbell‐Shaped DGS for 5G Midband at Mobile Broadband Wireless Applications

ABSTRACT This paper presents a linearly polarized, ground‐defected 2 × 2 rectangular patch antenna array with microstrip inset feeding. A simple structure is realized by placing the rectangular patches and the feeding network on the same layer. The proposed microstrip inset‐fed configuration facilitates proper impedance matching and easy array formation. This work provides an in‐depth examination of the antenna array's characteristics and performance. The antenna array is fabricated on an RT Duroid substrate and integrates a dumbbell‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS) in a triangular form with four radiating elements. The primary objective of incorporating the DGS is to improve the return loss. The proposed compact antenna array has overall dimensions of 106.3 × 112 × 1.575 mm 3 and is intended for wireless communication applications. The designed array operates over the desired frequency band of 3.52–3.61 GHz, achieving a reflection coefficient better than −10 dB and an impedance bandwidth of 25.09%. The antenna exhibits stable radiation characteristics with a peak gain of approximately 13.08 dBi across the operating band. The array is analyzed using HFSS, and fabrication and measurements are carried out to validate the simulated results. The measured outcomes show good agreement with the simulations, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed antenna for 5G midband mobile broadband wireless communication applications.