Differences in Biology Students’ Self-Regulation during Online and Offline Learning and Its Relationship to Learning Outcomes

The cultivation of self-regulatory skills holds paramount importance for individuals’ future success, particularly in the context of evolving educational modalities prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic. As learning transitions between online during the pandemic and offline post-pandemic, understanding the nuances of self-regulation becomes imperative. Thus, this study sought to achieve three objectives: (1) analyzing disparities in student self-regulation between online and offline settings, (2) examining the interplay between online and offline self-regulation, and (3) scrutinizing the relationship between self-regulation and learning outcomes. Employing a methodological approach involving questionnaire administration, interviews, and collecting academic scores data, data analysis was conducted utilizing the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Spearman’s rho test. The findings reveal that offline self- regulation markedly surpasses its online counterpart, indicating a significant discrepancy. Furthermore, a robust correlation is observed between students’self-regulation during online learning and the subsequent development of offline self-regulation. Additionally, while the correlation between self-regulation and learning outcomes is characterized as weak, it underscores the tangible influence of self-regulation on enhancing academic achievements. These findings underscore the critical role of self-regulation in navigating diverse learning environments and underscore the need for targeted interventions to bolster students’ self- regulatory competencies.