Chemico-Physical Characterization and Cytotoxicity of the <i>Peliosanthes micrantha</i> Rhizomes Collected in Highland Province Dak Nong of Vietnam

Purpose of the Research Peliosanthes micrantha Aver.et N.Tanaka has been found in central highland Dak Nong province, Vietnam, and used locally to treat various diseases. This research studied phytochemicals, spectroscopic analysis, and cytotoxic activities of P. micrantha rhizomes (PM-R). Methods In this study, steam-distilled essential oil of P. micrantha rhizome (EO) was analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phytoconstituents of P. micrantha rhizome ethanolic extract (PM-R-ET) were separated by column chromatography and their structures were determined. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) – Mid Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize its dry powder (PM-R-DP). Major Findings The results showed that EO contained eleven constituents. Two compounds, pumilaside A (2) and β–sitosterol (4), were successfully isolated from PM-R-ET, and unambiguously elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (HRMS). ATR-FTIR spectrum of PM-R-DP discovered 26 different functional groups of its compounds. PM-R-ET showed IC50 value of 96.14 ± 6.12 µg/mL against HT29 cell lines. Conclusion Our findings partly confirm previous Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) study and show two isolated compounds and EO constituents, spectroscopic properties, and cytotoxic activity from the P. micrantha rhizomes.