Optimization and improvement strategies for urban ecological space

he optimization of urban ecological space is increasingly constrained by compact urban 6 development and environmental stress, revealing the limitations of conventional planning ap- 7 proaches that rely on fragmented green space protection and static indicators. This study proposes 8 a GIS-based spatial analysis framework to evaluate and optimize urban ecological space through 9 spatially explicit assessment, indicator-based comparison, and scenario testing. The methodology 10 integrates spatial data processing, ecosystem service proxies, and multi-criteria spatial evaluation 11 within a unified GIS environment. Ecological structure is assessed through fragmentation and con- 12 nectivity metrics, ecosystem service potential is estimated using spatial proxies for cooling, runoff 13 retention, and green space provision, and spatial equity is evaluated through accessibility thresh- 14 olds and service distribution. Based on baseline spatial analysis, multiple optimization scenarios are 15 constructed by modifying green infrastructure configuration under compact growth constraints. 16 The results demonstrate that GIS-based scenario comparison enables measurable improvements in 17 ecological connectivity, ecosystem service efficiency, and spatial performance. By transforming ur- 18 ban ecological optimization from a strategy-driven concept into a spatially testable and decision- 19 oriented process, the proposed framework provides transferable analytical support for sustainable, 20 resilient, and human-centered urban ecological development.