Total Roman bondage number of a graph

A total Roman dominating function (TRDF) on a graph $G$ with no isolated vertices is a function $f:V(G)\to\{0,1,2\}$ such that every vertex $v$ with $f(v)=0$ has a neighbor assigned $2$, and the subgraph induced by $\{v:f(v)>0\}$ has no isolated vertices. The total Roman domination number $γ_{tR}(G)$ is the minimum weight of a TRDF on $G$. The total Roman bondage number $b_{tR}(G)$ is the minimum cardinality of an edge set $E'\subseteq E(G)$ such that $G-E'$ has no isolated vertices and $γ_{tR}(G-E')>γ_{tR}(G)$; if no such $E'$ exists, $b_{tR}(G)=\infty$. We prove that deciding whether $b_{tR}(G)\leq k$ is NP-complete for arbitrary graphs. We establish sharp bounds, including $γ_{tR}(G)+1\leq γ_{tR}(G-B)\leq γ_{tR}(G)+2$ for any $b_{tR}(G)$-set $B$ (both sharp), and $b_{tR}(G)\geq \max\{δ(G),b(G)\}$ when $γ_{tR}(G)=3β(G)$. We characterize graphs with $b_{tR}(G)=\infty$ and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for $b_{tR}(G)=1$. Exact values are determined for complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, brooms, double brooms, wheels and wounded spiders. Further upper bounds are given in terms of order, diameter, girth, and structural features.

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Publication Details

Journal
AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics
Published
2026-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/09728600.2026.2631001
Primary Topic
Advanced Graph Theory Research
Type
article
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article

Total Roman bondage number of a graph

S. Nazari-Moghaddam, Fahimeh Khosh-Ahang Ghasr
AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics
Advanced Graph Theory Research
article

Total Roman bondage number of a graph

S. Nazari-Moghaddam, Fahimeh Khosh-Ahang Ghasr
article en

Abstract

A total Roman dominating function (TRDF) on a graph $G$ with no isolated vertices is a function $f:V(G)\to\{0,1,2\}$ such that every vertex $v$ with $f(v)=0$ has a neighbor assigned $2$, and the subgraph induced by $\{v:f(v)>0\}$ has no isolated vertices. The total Roman domination number $γ_{tR}(G)$ is the minimum weight of a TRDF on $G$. The total Roman bondage number $b_{tR}(G)$ is the minimum cardinality of an edge set $E'\subseteq E(G)$ such that $G-E'$ has no isolated vertices and $γ_{tR}(G-E')>γ_{tR}(G)$; if no such $E'$ exists, $b_{tR}(G)=\infty$. We prove that deciding whether $b_{tR}(G)\leq k$ is NP-complete for arbitrary graphs. We establish sharp bounds, including $γ_{tR}(G)+1\leq γ_{tR}(G-B)\leq γ_{tR}(G)+2$ for any $b_{tR}(G)$-set $B$ (both sharp), and $b_{tR}(G)\geq \max\{δ(G),b(G)\}$ when $γ_{tR}(G)=3β(G)$. We characterize graphs with $b_{tR}(G)=\infty$ and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for $b_{tR}(G)=1$. Exact values are determined for complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, brooms, double brooms, wheels and wounded spiders. Further upper bounds are given in terms of order, diameter, girth, and structural features.

AKCE International Journal of Graphs and Combinatorics
Ilam University (IR)
Advanced Graph Theory Research
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