Understanding Farmer Perspectives of Cow Heat Stress in the Waikato and Canterbury Regions of New Zealand

This study quantified farmer knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to heat stress in dairy cows to inform future research and extension. A telephone survey was conducted across higher‐risk regions—Waikato/Bay of Plenty and Canterbury/North Otago. A total of 353 surveys were completed (84% response rate). Farmers showed strong awareness of heat stress indicators, citing an average of 2.8 indicators per respondent, with panting or breathing faster (56% of respondents), standing more or grazing less (48%), and increased drinking (43%) being the most frequently cited. Among the 216 respondents implementing mitigations, an average of 2.2 strategies per respondent were reported, mostly sprinklers or misting systems in the dairy (59%) and natural shade (29%). Perceptions varied regionally: 28% of Waikato/Bay of Plenty farmers rated heat stress as a moderate‐to‐severe issue, versus 16% in Canterbury/North Otago. Farmers were grouped as Advocates (42%), who were proactive; Inbetweeners (34%), who showed moderate concern; and Unconcerned (24%), who reported low concern and minimal mitigation. While most felt confident in current practices, gaps between perceived and modelled risk suggest the full impact may not be recognised. Improved tools and support could help refine management, enhancing the sector's resilience and sustainability under variable climatic conditions.