Development of PACK-Based Learning Outcome Tests for the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program of Teacher Professional Education

This study aims to develop a learning outcome test instrument based on Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (PACK) for students of the Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) in the Mechanical Engineering Education Study Program (Pendidikan Teknik Mesin, PTM) at Universitas Negeri Malang. The background of this study is based on the need for an assessment that can measure the integration of content knowledge, pedagogy, and technology in accordance with the demands of the Industry 4.0 era. The test development method follows psychometric procedures, including planning, writing, and validating test items, field testing, analyzing test items, and finalizing the instrument. The developed test instrument consisted of 35 items (25 simple multiple-choice and 10 complex multiple-choice) that were validated by experts, with 91.43% of the items declared valid. The field trial involved 114 PPG students in the Specific Teachers batch (BGT) Phase 1 in 2025, in the field of Mechanical Engineering Education. The analysis of the 35 items showed that 11 were valid, 24 were invalid, and 19 were reassembled after revision, with a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.719, indicating high reliability. This instrument is considered suitable for comprehensive assessment of PACK mastery, providing a basis for developing diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments in the PPG PTM program.