Ionospheric Responses to the Recovery Phase of May 2024 Superstorm Over Shandong Peninsula of China

Abstract The study reports a long‐lasting nighttime TEC (Total Electron Content) enhancement and the violent outburst of scintillations in response to the recovery phase of the May 2024 Superstorm over the northeast Asian sector using comprehensive observations mainly from the Shandong Peninsula of China and the madrigal GPS TEC in global. Since ∼11:30 UT on 11 May 2024 of the geomagnetic superstorm, a unique nighttime TEC enhancement (above 40 TECU) appeared in Northeast Asia with almost double TEC values than that in the quiet condition, which is lasting more than 12 hr. It is interesting to emphasize that the nighttime TEC enhancement drifted westward overall from Japan to the west of China. Moreover, a sharp escalation of phase and amplitude scintillation indices (>0.4) has been captured at Weihai since ∼20:00 UT at 11 May 2024, which is coincident with the arrival of spread F precisely along with the nighttime TEC enhancement very likely. In contrast, normally, the scintillation indices just fluctuate around 0.1, in which the amplitude scintillation index is slightly greater than the phase scintillation index in general. Therefore, the findings detail the responses to 2024 May superstorm at mid‐latitudes of Northeast Asia, deepening the recognization on space weather effects.