Risk Factors Influencing Disease Onset and Surgical Outcomes in Moyamoya Disease

Early intervention is recommended, particularly for male patients and those with modifiable risk factors such as hypertension. <i>RS</i> should ideally be performed during the early stages of Suzuki classification and before the age of 50 to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. For patients with advanced Suzuki stage or aged ≥ 50 years, comprehensive perioperative risk assessments and tailored postoperative management strategies are essential to ensure optimal surgical outcomes.