Fioria Vitifolia Mediated Cuo Nanoparticles: Characterization, Biological Applications and In-Vivo Studies in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT: Nanotechnology, the science of manipulating materials at the nanoscale (1–100 nm), has emerged as a transformative field with vast biomedical potential. Among various nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have attracted attention for their remarkable physicochemical and biological properties. The present study focuses on the green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Fioria vitifolia leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds responsible for nanoparticle formation. The synthesized FV-CuO NPs were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Tauc’s plot, and zeta potential analysis. FTIR confirmed the functional groups involved in stabilization, while XRD indicated high crystallinity and purity. SEM and TEM analyses revealed uniform nanoscale morphology, and EDX confirmed the elemental composition. The optical band gap determined by Tauc’s plot validated the nanosized nature, while zeta potential analysis confirmed excellent colloidal stability. Biological evaluations demonstrated potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the MDA-MB-231 (triple- negative breast cancer) cell line revealed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, highlighting the anticancer potential of FV-CuO NPs. Biochemical, haematological, and histopathological assessments supported their safety and therapeutic relevance. Overall, the study establishes Fioria vitifolia-mediated CuO nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly nanomaterials with significant biomedical applications.