Academic and industrial prospects of sodium‐ion batteries: Combining bibliometric and patent analysis

Abstract Rising lithium resource scarcity and cost volatility have intensified interest in sodium‐ion (Na‐ion) batteries as a promising alternative. Although they currently do not surpass lithium‐ion batteries in energy density, their potential advantages in cost, safety, and resource sustainability make them attractive for specific applications. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the academic and industrial trajectories of Na‐ion battery technology through integrated bibliometric and patent analyses. Data from Web of Science and Derwent Innovation Index (1980–2023) were visualized using VOSviewer to examine output trends, geographic contributions, research hotspots, and patent classifications. The results reveal that sodium‐ion battery has evolved through three phases: initial exploration, steady development, and rapid expansion post‐2010. China, European countries, the United States, Korea, and Japan lead in both academic and industrial outputs. Research focus has shifted from material‐level investigations to system‐level optimization, reflecting advancing technological maturity. Patent analysis indicates targeted commercialization efforts in electric vehicles, small mobile devices, and energy storage systems. Overall, while current Na‐ion batteries lack comprehensive superiority in key performance areas, they serve as a strategic complement by excelling in specific applications where their differentiated advantages are critical. This work offers a holistic perspective to guide future research, policy‐making, and industrial deployment of Na‐ion batteries.