Clinical outcomes of unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy vs. microdiscectomy in lumbar disc herniation

Both UBE and MSLD are effective surgical options for the treatment of LDH. The findings suggest that UBE may offer advantages in surgical efficiency, early pain relief, functional recovery, and intervertebral space preservation. Given the retrospective, non-randomized design, selection bias and residual confounding cannot be entirely excluded, so these associative findings require confirmation in prospective studies with longer follow-up.