Preoperative gamma-glutamyl transferase to lymphocyte ratio predicts recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Preoperative GLR is a simple, cost-effective, and reliable independent biomarker for predicting recurrence in NMIBC patients following TURBt. The GLR-based nomogram integrates systemic inflammation with clinical risk factors, offering a more precise tool for individualized risk stratification. This model can help guide personalized follow-up strategies and adjuvant treatment decisions, holding significant potential for clinical application.