The Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things in Ventilation Systems of Closed Houses in Broiler Chicken Farms of Indonesia: A Literature Review

The closed house system has been widely adopted in Indonesia due to its ability to control the microclimate; however, its implementation still faces several challenges, including high investment costs, limited monitoring, and maintenance management that is not yet adaptive. This literature review aimed to analyse the design of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) integration in the automatic ventilation control system of broiler chicken closed houses in Indonesia. The method employed is a systematic review of relevant international and national articles. The literature review followed PRISMA guidelines, identifying 28,827 publications on AI and IoT, filtered to 636 studies on poultry and 335 studies on AI–IoT-based monitoring systems. Ultimately, 98 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 20 studies specifically focused on studies in Indonesia. The findings indicated that AI–IoT integration has the potential to improve energy efficiency, optimize the microclimate, such as temperature, humidity, velocity, and support broiler chicken welfare through data-driven monitoring and automated decision-making systems. Nevertheless, the adoption of this technology continues to face challenges such as high initial costs, limited energy and internet infrastructure, and the digital skills gap among farmers. Keywords: Adaptive ventilation, Energy-efficient, Microclimate, Poultry production, Smart farming, Tropical climate